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Cybersecurity Compliance Under IMO Resolution MSC.428(98)

Clark Kim

The increasing digitalization of maritime operations has brought both opportunities and risks, leading to the IMO's Resolution MSC.428(98), which mandates the integration of cyber risk management into Safety Management Systems (SMS). With critical systems such as ECDIS, navigation controls, and communication networks relying heavily on digital technology, shipowners face significant challenges in mitigating cyber threats while ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements.


One major challenge is the lack of cybersecurity awareness among crews and shoreside personnel. Cyber hygiene, such as proper password management and phishing detection, is often overlooked, making vessels vulnerable to attacks. Another challenge is the integration of cybersecurity measures into existing SMS frameworks, which can be resource-intensive and complex for shipowners with limited IT expertise. Additionally, the financial burden of implementing cybersecurity solutions, including hardware upgrades and software tools, poses challenges for smaller operators.


To address these risks, shipowners must prioritize continuous crew training, adopt advanced cybersecurity technologies, and establish robust incident response plans. Collaboration with IT vendors and cybersecurity specialists can provide tailored solutions to meet IMO requirements effectively. As the maritime industry becomes more interconnected, ensuring cyber resilience will be essential to safeguarding vessels, protecting data, and maintaining operational integrity in the face of evolving threats.


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